[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/penize-a-neco-o-nich\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/penize-a-neco-o-nich\/","headline":"Pen\u00edze a n\u011bco o nich","name":"Pen\u00edze a n\u011bco o nich","description":"Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s ur\u010dit\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. T\u00edm t\u00e9matem jsou PEN\u00cdZE a j\u00e1 bych v\u00e1m r\u00e1da n\u011bco \u0159ekla o.","datePublished":"2021-12-06","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"peril.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-128867_1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-128867_1.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.peril.cz\/penize-a-neco-o-nich\/","about":["Ekonomika"],"wordCount":404,"articleBody":"Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s ur\u010dit\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. T\u00edm t\u00e9matem jsou PEN\u00cdZE a j\u00e1 bych v\u00e1m r\u00e1da n\u011bco \u0159ekla o finan\u010dn\u00edm trhu.\u00a0Finan\u010dn\u00ed trh je s\u00e1m o sob\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kde obchodujeme s pen\u011b\u017en\u00edmi prost\u0159edky, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se zde nab\u00eddka a popt\u00e1vka a cena pen\u011bz (cenou pen\u011bz m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00farok, kurzov\u00e1 zm\u011bna nebo renta). Regulaci finan\u010dn\u00edho trhu m\u00e1 na starost \u010cNB (\u010cESK\u00c1 N\u00c1RODN\u00cd BANKA) a Ministerstvo financ\u00ed. Tento trh m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria, kter\u00fdmi jsou: A) LIKVIDITA – mo\u017enost pou\u017eit\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, B) RIZIKO a za C) V\u00ddNOSNOST.Finan\u010dn\u00ed trh m\u00e1 svou strukturu, do kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed: A)\u00a0PEN\u011a\u017dN\u00cd TRH – Tento trh je kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd, objevuj\u00ed se zde kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 vklady, \u00fav\u011bry a cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry. M\u00e1 vysokou likviditu, n\u00edzk\u00e9 riziko, ale mal\u00fd v\u00fdnos. B) KAPIT\u00c1LOV\u00dd TRH – Zde najdeme dlouhodob\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroje. M\u00e1me tu omezenou likviditu, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos. C) TRH DRAH\u00ddCH KOV\u016e – Zde se obchoduje zejm\u00e9na se zlatem a st\u0159\u00edbrem. D) DEVIZOV\u00dd TRH – Objevuje se zde nab\u00eddka a popt\u00e1vka po n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch. Co je deviza? Deviza je bezhotovostn\u00ed prost\u0159edek v ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b. A valuta? To je ciz\u00ed m\u011bna v hotovosti.Co vlastn\u011b pen\u00edze jsou? Pen\u00edze jsou speci\u00e1ln\u00edm druhem zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd lze vym\u011bnit za v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed druhy zbo\u017e\u00ed. Pen\u00edze maj\u00ed p\u011bt forem: A) MINCE, B) BANKOVKY, C) DEPOZITA – bezhotovostn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, D) CENN\u00c9 PAP\u00cdRY a za E) VIRTU\u00c1LN\u00cd M\u011aNY – kryptom\u011bny. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pen\u00edze maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik ochrann\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad to je vodoznak, mikrotext, skryt\u00fd obrazec atd.Existuj\u00ed zde MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cd FINAN\u010cN\u00cd INSTITUCE. To jsou z\u00e1kladny, kter\u00e9 napom\u00e1haj\u00ed stabiln\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cd M\u011aNOV\u00dd FOND. Je zde toti\u017e v\u00edce jak 200 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a mezi hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle pat\u0159\u00ed: r\u016fst sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky, stabiln\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 kurzy. A jako druhou d\u016fle\u017eitou instituc\u00ed je SV\u011aTOV\u00c1 BANKA, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik instituc\u00ed, z nich\u017e nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cd BANKA PRO OBNOVU A ROZVOJ.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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